What Quantum Error Is and Why It Is the Central Problem

Introduction S-NISQ Quantum Error Correction Scalable Noisy Intermediate-Scale Quantum refers to the transitional era in quantum computing where devices begin demonstrating meaningful quantum error correction at scale, operating below the fault-tolerance threshold without yet achieving full fault-tolerant quantum computation. In practical terms, S-NISQ devices produce logical qubits with lower error rates than their constituent physical…